Copper
Copper are widely used in a variety of products that enable and enhance our everyday lives. They have excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, exhibit good strength and formability, have outstanding resistance to corrosion and fatigue, and are generally nonmagnetic. They can be readily soldered and brazed, and many can be welded by various gas, arc, and resistance methods. They can be polished and buffed to almost any desired texture and luster. Pure copper is extensively used for electrical wire and cable, electrical contacts, and various other parts that are required to pass electrical current.
Key Properties of Copper :
Copper is a tough, ductile, and malleable material. These properties make copper extremely suitable for tube forming, wire drawing, spinning, and deep drawing.
Other Properties :
Copper and copper alloys have a peculiar smell and disagreeable taste. These may be transferred by contact and therefore should be kept clear of foodstuffs, although some cooking pans do use these metals.
Copper Grades :
ALLOY |
WROUGHT |
CAST |
Copper |
C10100 - C13000 |
C80100 - C81200 |
Brass |
C20500 - C28580 |
C83300 - C85800 |
Tin Brass |
C40400 - C48600 |
C83300 - C84800 |
Phosphor Bronze |
C50100 - C52400 |
C90200 - C91700 |
Aluminum Bronze |
C60800 - C64210 |
C95200 - C95900 |
Silicon Bronze |
C64700 - C66100 |
C87000 - C87999 |
Silicon Red Brass |
C69400 - C69710 |
C87300 - C87900 |
Copper Nicke; |
C70100 - C72950 |
C96200 - C96900 |
Nickle Silver |
C73500 - C79900 |
C97300 - C97800 |
chemical composition and key mechanical properties of copper:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Symbol | Cu |
| Atomic Number | 29 |
| Atomic Mass | 63.546 u |
| Density | 8.96 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1084.62°C (1984.32°F) |
| Boiling Point | 2562°C (4643.6°F) |
| Electrical Conductivity (at 20°C) | 58.0 × 10^6 S/m (megaSiemens per meter) |
| Thermal Conductivity (at 20°C) | 401 W/(m·K) (Watts per meter-Kelvin) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.385 J/(g·K) (Joules per gram-Kelvin) |
| Young's Modulus | 110–128 GPa |
| Shear Modulus | 48–55 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 130–140 GPa |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34–0.36 |
| Tensile Strength | 210–220 MPa (for annealed copper) |
| Yield Strength | 205–220 MPa (for annealed copper) |
| Elongation at Break | 30–60% (for annealed copper) |
| Hardness (Vickers) | 40–80 HV (for annealed copper) |
Notes:
- Copper's mechanical properties can vary depending on factors such as purity, temperature, and processing methods.
- Annealed copper refers to copper that has been heated to a specific temperature and then cooled slowly to remove internal stresses, making it softer and more ductile.